Operasiyo Barbarossa ni Izina rya Code ryahawe ibitero bya gisirikari byagombaga gutera Leta zunze ubumwe z’abasoviyete bikozwe n’abadage bari bayobowe na Hitler binyuze mu ishaka ryari ku butegetsi rya Nazi.
Iyi operiyo izwi ku rindi zina nka Operation Fritz ikaba yaratangijwe tariki ya 22 ,ukwezi kwa gatandatu ,umwaka wa 1941 ,ikaba yarasize isomo rya gisirikari ku mpande zombie zayirwanyemo ,haba ku ruhande rwa Hitler n’uruhande rwa Abasoviyete.
Nubwo bwose ari amasezerano Hitler yari yarafitanye n’abasoviyete yo kwirinda intambara hagati yabo ,Gutsura umubano no kwirinda amakimbirane yabaho yose,ayo masezeranpo akaba yarasinywe ,Mu mwaka wa 1939 mu cyitwaga Germany-Soviet Nonaggression Pact
Hitler yakomeje kubona Abasoviyete bayobowe na Joseph Stalin nk’igihugu kimubangamiye ,ari nabyo byatumye atangiza iyi operasiyo
Mu ibanga rikomeye abatasi b’abanazi batangiye kuneka no gukusanya amakuru ,Hitler n’abaJenerali be bashyingiye kuri ayo makuru bashizeho mu kwezi kwa gatanu 1941 ko aribwo bagomba gutera Leta zunze ubumwe z’abasoviyete
Kubera ibitero byabo byari byibasiye Ibihugu bya Yugoslavia n’Ubugereki byatumye ,Ibitero byagombaga gutangizwa ku basoviyete bisubikwa byimurirwa mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa gatandatu.
Urugamba rwagombaga guhuza abaNazi n’Abasoviyete rwakerereweho ibyumeru bigera kuri bitanu byose ,ndetse ibi biza kuba icyuho kinini cyavuyemo gutsindwa kw’Abadage.
Bwana Hitler ari kumwe n’umuyobozi mukuru mu ngabo z’abadage Commander in Chief,bwana Walther Von Brauchitsch na General chief Franz Halder bari bafite icyizere ko mu gihe gito bazaba bigaruriye igihugu cy’Abasoviyete.
Ndetse bitarenze ukwezi kwa cumi bagomba kuba bafashe hafi Uburayi bwose,, Bijya gutangira iyi operasiyo yo gutera Abasoviyete ,Hitler yari yarayise Operation Fritz ariko aza guhindura izina ayita Operation Barbarossa ,Abikuye ku Mwami w’Umuromani witwaga Frederick Barbarossa nawe wifuzaga kwigarurira Uburayi bwose.
Mu kwihutisha urugamba ,Hitler yateguye Diviziyo 150 z’Abasirikari ,Abasirikari bose hamwe bari Miliyoni Eshatu,Hitler nanone yateguye ibimodoka binini by’intambara blgera kuri 7.000 ,ategura ibifaru by’intambara 3.000 ndetse n’indege z’intambara 2.500.
Muri make Hitler yari yifashishije igisirikari kinini kurusha icyo yari yarakoresheje ahandi hose yari yarateye,ariko Byatangajwe ko Igisirikari cy’Abasoviyete cyari kinini cyane kurusha icya Hitler inshuro eshatu kurusha icya Hitler ,bikaba bikekwa ko binyuze mu butasi bw’Abanazi ariyo mpamvu Hitler yateguye lgisirikari kinini gutya
Abanditsi batandukanye banditse ku ntambara ya kabiri y’Isi bavuze ko ,Hitler Atari yiteze ko Abasoviyete bashobora kubona igisirikari kingana gutyo ndetse gifite n’ibikoresho bikomeye nkibyabo nubwo bivugwa ko Abasoviyete bari bafite indege nkeya ugereranije na Hitler.
Tariki ya 22/06/1941,Ibitero bya mbere by’Abadage ku Basoviyete nibwo byatangijwe biyobowe na Jenerali Wilhelm Von Leeb bahera Iburasirazuba muri Prussia mu Gace ka Leta ya Baltic bafite intego yo kwerekeza mu gace ka Leningrad ubu hitwa muri St Petersburg.
Ikindi gitero cy’ingabo z’abadage cyateye giturutse mu Majyepfo kiyobowe na Jenerali erd Von Rundstedt bahera muri Polonye y’amajyepfo berekeza muri Ukraine banyuze muri Kiev.
Ibitero byatangiye ,ingabo z’Abadae zitwara neza ndetse ziza no gutera zitunguranye basanga igisirikari cy’abasoviyete cyitwaga Red Army kititeguye neza .
Abagera ku bihumbi Magana atatu mu basoviyete bafashwe bugwate ,mu mibare Abasoviyete barimo gutsindwa bikomeye.abasirikari benshi b’Abasoviyete barahunze berekeza mu burasirazuba
Muri ibyo bihe Abasoviyete bari mu bihe by’ubukonji n’imvura iwa ku bwinshi ,imihanda yabo yari yuzuyemo ibyondo ,ibi byondo bigatuma ibimodoka by’abadae bigenda ku muvuduko muke.
Abasoviyete bize amayeri yo gutwita ibyo bari bejeje byose ,bahungana inganda zabo ndetse barimbura ikintu cyose umuntu asobora kurya ,basenya bimwe mu bikorwa remezo nk’imihanda maze barihunira binjira mu Burusiya imbere ,uko ingabo z’abadage zakomezaga kwinjira mu gihugu niko ubuzima bw’abagoraga ndetse bakagenda bazahazwa n’ubukonji batamenyereye.
Mu kwezi kwa karindwi hagati ,ingabo z’abadae zari zimaze gufata ahareshya n’ibirometero 640, habura ibirometero 200 byonyine ngo bagere I Moscow, Ubwo kutumvikana hagati ya Hitler n’Abajenerali bari lu rugamba kwaratangiye.
Hitler yashakaga ko ingabo zikomeze iburasirazuba bugana mu majyepfo naho abajenerali bashaka kwigarurira Moscow ku buryo bwihuse ariko Hitler we akabona ataribyo byiutirwa kuko yashakaga kubanza yarimbura no gushegesha iisirikari cy’abasoviyete mbere ya byose
Byagaragaraga ko igihugu cy’abasoviyete gisumbirijwe ,nibwo Joseph Stalin yafashe umwanzuro wo gukangurira abasoviyete gushikama bakarwana ndetse n’abandi bose bashobora gufata intwaro bakarwanya abadage.
Ubwo ingabo z’abadage zatangiye guhura n’akazi zitari zisanganywe ndetse zitangira no kurwana mu bukonji n’urubura zitamenyereye.
Nubwo bwose Gutsindwa kw’abadae muri Operasiyo Barbarossa byashizwe ku kuba ibihe byo mu Burusiya byari bitandukanye nibyo mu Budage ndetse icyo Gihe mu Burusiya hari hakonje cyane
Ariko cyagaragaye mu mitegurire mibi yiyi operasiyo ,aho batatekereje ku buryo buhamye bwo kugemurira abasirikari mu gihe cyose,Hitler kandi yari yarasuzuguye igisirikari cy’Abasoviyete nabyo bituma byinshi mu byabaye bimutungura.
Byagaragaye mu itangiriro ry’iyi operasiyo ,lgisirikari cy’abasoviyete cyafashe umwanzuro wo guhunga abadage ku bushake, gitegereje ko ibihe by’ubukonji bitangira neza kandi ko abasirikari b’abadage Babura ibiribwa bihagije maze bakicwa n’inzara .
Kubera ijambo rya Stalin yavuze akangurira buri wese kurinda igihugu cyamubyaye byatumye ingabo z’abasoviyete zrwanana umurava n’ubutwari bwinshi kurenza uko abadage bakekaga
Ingabo z’abadage zakubiswe inshuro ndetse inyinshi ziratsembwa ,ubudae buakura isomo rya gisirikari ,uku gutsindwa kwa Hitler mu Burusiya kwabaye imbarutso ku gutsindwa no mu bindi bice bitandukanye
Nanone byahaye abasoviyete imbaraga n’igitinyiro ku bihugu by’I Burayi ,Dore ko ahenshi Hitler yahafataga nta ngufu nyinshi bimusabye.
Iyi operiyo izwi ku rindi zina nka Operation Fritz ikaba yaratangijwe tariki ya 22 ,ukwezi kwa gatandatu ,umwaka wa 1941 ,ikaba yarasize isomo rya gisirikari ku mpande zombie zayirwanyemo ,haba ku ruhande rwa Hitler n’uruhande rwa Abasoviyete.
Nubwo bwose ari amasezerano Hitler yari yarafitanye n’abasoviyete yo kwirinda intambara hagati yabo ,Gutsura umubano no kwirinda amakimbirane yabaho yose,ayo masezeranpo akaba yarasinywe ,Mu mwaka wa 1939 mu cyitwaga Germany-Soviet Nonaggression Pact
Hitler yakomeje kubona Abasoviyete bayobowe na Joseph Stalin nk’igihugu kimubangamiye ,ari nabyo byatumye atangiza iyi operasiyo
Mu ibanga rikomeye abatasi b’abanazi batangiye kuneka no gukusanya amakuru ,Hitler n’abaJenerali be bashyingiye kuri ayo makuru bashizeho mu kwezi kwa gatanu 1941 ko aribwo bagomba gutera Leta zunze ubumwe z’abasoviyete
Kubera ibitero byabo byari byibasiye Ibihugu bya Yugoslavia n’Ubugereki byatumye ,Ibitero byagombaga gutangizwa ku basoviyete bisubikwa byimurirwa mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa gatandatu.
Urugamba rwagombaga guhuza abaNazi n’Abasoviyete rwakerereweho ibyumeru bigera kuri bitanu byose ,ndetse ibi biza kuba icyuho kinini cyavuyemo gutsindwa kw’Abadage.
Bwana Hitler ari kumwe n’umuyobozi mukuru mu ngabo z’abadage Commander in Chief,bwana Walther Von Brauchitsch na General chief Franz Halder bari bafite icyizere ko mu gihe gito bazaba bigaruriye igihugu cy’Abasoviyete.
Ndetse bitarenze ukwezi kwa cumi bagomba kuba bafashe hafi Uburayi bwose,, Bijya gutangira iyi operasiyo yo gutera Abasoviyete ,Hitler yari yarayise Operation Fritz ariko aza guhindura izina ayita Operation Barbarossa ,Abikuye ku Mwami w’Umuromani witwaga Frederick Barbarossa nawe wifuzaga kwigarurira Uburayi bwose.
Mu kwihutisha urugamba ,Hitler yateguye Diviziyo 150 z’Abasirikari ,Abasirikari bose hamwe bari Miliyoni Eshatu,Hitler nanone yateguye ibimodoka binini by’intambara blgera kuri 7.000 ,ategura ibifaru by’intambara 3.000 ndetse n’indege z’intambara 2.500.
Muri make Hitler yari yifashishije igisirikari kinini kurusha icyo yari yarakoresheje ahandi hose yari yarateye,ariko Byatangajwe ko Igisirikari cy’Abasoviyete cyari kinini cyane kurusha icya Hitler inshuro eshatu kurusha icya Hitler ,bikaba bikekwa ko binyuze mu butasi bw’Abanazi ariyo mpamvu Hitler yateguye lgisirikari kinini gutya
Abanditsi batandukanye banditse ku ntambara ya kabiri y’Isi bavuze ko ,Hitler Atari yiteze ko Abasoviyete bashobora kubona igisirikari kingana gutyo ndetse gifite n’ibikoresho bikomeye nkibyabo nubwo bivugwa ko Abasoviyete bari bafite indege nkeya ugereranije na Hitler.
Tariki ya 22/06/1941,Ibitero bya mbere by’Abadage ku Basoviyete nibwo byatangijwe biyobowe na Jenerali Wilhelm Von Leeb bahera Iburasirazuba muri Prussia mu Gace ka Leta ya Baltic bafite intego yo kwerekeza mu gace ka Leningrad ubu hitwa muri St Petersburg.
Ikindi gitero cy’ingabo z’abadage cyateye giturutse mu Majyepfo kiyobowe na Jenerali erd Von Rundstedt bahera muri Polonye y’amajyepfo berekeza muri Ukraine banyuze muri Kiev.
Ibitero byatangiye ,ingabo z’Abadae zitwara neza ndetse ziza no gutera zitunguranye basanga igisirikari cy’abasoviyete cyitwaga Red Army kititeguye neza .
Abagera ku bihumbi Magana atatu mu basoviyete bafashwe bugwate ,mu mibare Abasoviyete barimo gutsindwa bikomeye.abasirikari benshi b’Abasoviyete barahunze berekeza mu burasirazuba
Muri ibyo bihe Abasoviyete bari mu bihe by’ubukonji n’imvura iwa ku bwinshi ,imihanda yabo yari yuzuyemo ibyondo ,ibi byondo bigatuma ibimodoka by’abadae bigenda ku muvuduko muke.
Abasoviyete bize amayeri yo gutwita ibyo bari bejeje byose ,bahungana inganda zabo ndetse barimbura ikintu cyose umuntu asobora kurya ,basenya bimwe mu bikorwa remezo nk’imihanda maze barihunira binjira mu Burusiya imbere ,uko ingabo z’abadage zakomezaga kwinjira mu gihugu niko ubuzima bw’abagoraga ndetse bakagenda bazahazwa n’ubukonji batamenyereye.
Mu kwezi kwa karindwi hagati ,ingabo z’abadae zari zimaze gufata ahareshya n’ibirometero 640, habura ibirometero 200 byonyine ngo bagere I Moscow, Ubwo kutumvikana hagati ya Hitler n’Abajenerali bari lu rugamba kwaratangiye.
Hitler yashakaga ko ingabo zikomeze iburasirazuba bugana mu majyepfo naho abajenerali bashaka kwigarurira Moscow ku buryo bwihuse ariko Hitler we akabona ataribyo byiutirwa kuko yashakaga kubanza yarimbura no gushegesha iisirikari cy’abasoviyete mbere ya byose
Byagaragaraga ko igihugu cy’abasoviyete gisumbirijwe ,nibwo Joseph Stalin yafashe umwanzuro wo gukangurira abasoviyete gushikama bakarwana ndetse n’abandi bose bashobora gufata intwaro bakarwanya abadage.
Ubwo ingabo z’abadage zatangiye guhura n’akazi zitari zisanganywe ndetse zitangira no kurwana mu bukonji n’urubura zitamenyereye.
Nubwo bwose Gutsindwa kw’abadae muri Operasiyo Barbarossa byashizwe ku kuba ibihe byo mu Burusiya byari bitandukanye nibyo mu Budage ndetse icyo Gihe mu Burusiya hari hakonje cyane
Ariko cyagaragaye mu mitegurire mibi yiyi operasiyo ,aho batatekereje ku buryo buhamye bwo kugemurira abasirikari mu gihe cyose,Hitler kandi yari yarasuzuguye igisirikari cy’Abasoviyete nabyo bituma byinshi mu byabaye bimutungura.
Byagaragaye mu itangiriro ry’iyi operasiyo ,lgisirikari cy’abasoviyete cyafashe umwanzuro wo guhunga abadage ku bushake, gitegereje ko ibihe by’ubukonji bitangira neza kandi ko abasirikari b’abadage Babura ibiribwa bihagije maze bakicwa n’inzara .
Kubera ijambo rya Stalin yavuze akangurira buri wese kurinda igihugu cyamubyaye byatumye ingabo z’abasoviyete zrwanana umurava n’ubutwari bwinshi kurenza uko abadage bakekaga
Ingabo z’abadage zakubiswe inshuro ndetse inyinshi ziratsembwa ,ubudae buakura isomo rya gisirikari ,uku gutsindwa kwa Hitler mu Burusiya kwabaye imbarutso ku gutsindwa no mu bindi bice bitandukanye
Nanone byahaye abasoviyete imbaraga n’igitinyiro ku bihugu by’I Burayi ,Dore ko ahenshi Hitler yahafataga nta ngufu nyinshi bimusabye.
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